Logitech MX Anywhere 2S Wireless Mouse is our top choice for the Best Mouse for Multiple Surfaces, offering advanced Darkfield sensor technology that maintains precision on challenging materials like glass. The Kensington SureTrack Dual Wireless Mouse follows as a versatile alternative for corporate environments requiring secure, multi-device connectivity. The Logitech MX Master 4 Wireless Mouse rounds out the selection, providing high-performance 8K DPI tracking for users who prioritize ergonomic comfort and advanced haptic feedback.
Selecting a mouse capable of tracking on diverse textures requires evaluating sensor technology, connectivity options, and physical design. While standard optical sensors often struggle on reflective or transparent materials, specialized sensors allow for consistent cursor movement across granite, marble, and wood. Understanding these technical differences helps ensure your peripheral remains functional regardless of your workspace environment.
10 Best Mouse for Multiple Surfaces in 2026 Reviews
Quick Comparison
| Product | Best For | Key Strength | Score |
|---|---|---|---|
| Logitech MX Anywhere 2S Wireless Mouse | Best Overall | Darkfield sensor enables precise tracking on glass and other difficult surfaces. | 4.9 |
| Kensington SureTrack Dual Wireless Mouse | Reliable tracking on difficult materials | High-performance optical sensor tracks accurately on difficult surfaces like glass and granite. | 4.8 |
| Logitech MX Master 4 Wireless Mouse | Advanced 8K DPI surface tracking | 8K DPI sensor enables accurate tracking on nearly any surface type. | 4.3 |
| Logitech MX Anywhere 2S Renewed Mouse | High-performance glass surface tracking | Universal Surface Tracking works on glass and various textures. | 4.6 |
| Digital Innovations AllTerrain Wired Mouse | Blue LED sensor for glass | Blue LED sensor provides reliable tracking on glass and other difficult surfaces. | 4.8 |
| eulps Non-Slip Rubber Mouse Pad | Stable base for any surface | High-density non-slip rubber base ensures stability. | 4.6 |
| Corsair MM Anti-Fray Cloth Mouse Pad | Optimized for optical sensor accuracy | Micro-woven surface optimized for optical sensor precision. | 4.3 |
| Auhoahsil Large Extended Mouse Pad | Uniform tracking on imperfect surfaces | Superior micro-weave cloth surface optimized for both optical and laser sensors. | 4.5 |
| iDonzon Square Mouse Pad | Superfine fabric for smooth gliding | Superfine Lycra fabric ensures smooth and precise mouse tracking. | 4.7 |
| Ukecye Custom Mouse Pad | High-traction base prevents shifting | High-traction rubber backing ensures the pad stays firmly in place. | 4.7 |
How We Chose
Evaluating the best mouse for multiple surfaces involves analyzing how sensor technology interacts with various desk materials. An experienced reviewer focuses on tracking reliability, connectivity stability across different operating systems, and the physical ergonomics required for long-term use. These criteria distinguish high-performance peripherals from standard office equipment, ensuring consistent performance on challenging textures.
- Sensor tracking capability on non-traditional surfaces like glass and lacquer
- Multi-device pairing and switching efficiency across operating systems
- Ergonomic design and physical footprint for portability or desktop use
- Connectivity versatility including Bluetooth and dedicated USB receivers
- Battery life and charging convenience for consistent daily operation
1 Logitech MX Anywhere 2S Wireless Mouse — Tracks precisely on glass surfaces
The Logitech MX Anywhere 2S Wireless Mouse is engineered for versatility, utilizing Darkfield movement detection technology to maintain tracking precision on challenging surfaces, including glass. This compact peripheral is designed for users who require a reliable pointing device across various environments without the need for a dedicated mousepad.
Connectivity is handled via Bluetooth or a radio frequency connection, offering a wireless operating distance of up to 33 ft. This flexibility allows the mouse to pair with multiple devices, supporting control for up to three separate Apple Mac or Windows laptops. The inclusion of MagSpeed scrolling further enhances navigation efficiency for documents and web pages.
With a 4000 DPI movement resolution, the device provides high-sensitivity tracking suitable for detailed tasks. Its compact form factor is intended for portability, measuring approximately 0.1 inches in height and weighing 0.4 pounds, making it a practical choice for mobile workstations.
While the mouse offers advanced tracking capabilities, users should note its specific size profile. It is built as a compact unit, which may influence ergonomics depending on individual hand size and grip preference. The device includes a 1 Year Limited Hardware Warranty to support its technical components.
Best for: Professionals and mobile users who need consistent tracking on diverse surfaces, including glass, across multiple computer systems.
Skip if: Users who prefer a full-sized, ergonomic mouse for heavy daily use may find the compact dimensions of this model less comfortable for extended sessions.
- Darkfield sensor enables precise tracking on glass and other difficult surfaces.
- Multi-device connectivity allows seamless switching between up to three computers.
- MagSpeed scrolling provides efficient navigation through long documents.
- Wireless flexibility with both Bluetooth and radio frequency options.
- Compact dimensions may not provide the ergonomic support required for all hand sizes during long-term use.
2 Kensington SureTrack Dual Wireless Mouse — Reliable tracking on difficult materials
Achieving consistent cursor movement across unconventional desk materials like glass, granite, or polished lacquer often proves difficult for standard peripherals. The Kensington SureTrack Dual Wireless Mouse addresses this challenge by integrating a high-performance optical sensor specifically engineered to maintain tracking precision on these demanding surfaces. This capability ensures that users working in modern office environments—where surfaces may vary from wood to marble—can maintain a smooth workflow without the need for a dedicated mousepad.
Versatility is a core component of this device, as it supports multiple connectivity methods to suit different hardware setups. Users can pair the mouse with up to three devices simultaneously, utilizing either Bluetooth 3.0 or 5.0 (Bluetooth LE) for a streamlined, cable-free connection with modern tablets and laptops. For desktop PCs lacking integrated Bluetooth, the included 2.4GHz USB-A Nano dongle provides a stable, reliable wireless link. This multi-mode functionality makes it a practical choice for professionals who frequently transition between different workstations or operating systems, including Windows, macOS, ChromeOS, and Android.
Beyond its tracking and connectivity, the mouse offers functional customization through adjustable DPI levels (1200/2400/4000). This allows users to toggle between higher speeds for efficient browsing and lower, more controlled speeds for precision-oriented tasks like photo editing or detailed document work. Security is also prioritized, as the device incorporates government-grade encryption technology to protect data transmissions, a necessary feature for users operating within strict corporate security protocols.
Measuring approximately 4.13 inches in length, the mouse features a compact, professional design suitable for various office settings. While its size aids in portability, users with larger hands may find the dimensions somewhat restrictive during extended use. To provide long-term peace of mind, the device is backed by a 3-year warranty, covering its wireless and tracking performance against potential hardware issues.
Best for: Professionals who frequently switch between multiple devices and work on non-traditional desk surfaces like glass or marble.
Skip if: Users who require a high-polling rate gaming mouse or those who prefer a larger, ergonomic vertical design for extended daily use.
- High-performance optical sensor tracks accurately on difficult surfaces like glass and granite.
- Triple-device pairing via Bluetooth and 2.4GHz USB-A receiver.
- Adjustable DPI settings (1200/2400/4000) for varied task requirements.
- Government-grade encryption for enhanced data security.
- Compact dimensions may feel small for users with larger hands.
- Standard office design lacks specialized ergonomic contouring found in dedicated productivity mice.
3 Logitech MX Master 4 Wireless Mouse — Advanced 8K DPI surface tracking
Tracking cursor movement across glass, wood, or fabric often requires specialized hardware, but the Logitech MX Master 4 Wireless Mouse integrates an 8K DPI sensor designed for high-precision performance on virtually any surface. This model prioritizes professional workflows through advanced haptic feedback and a highly customizable interface, ensuring that your input device adapts to your specific software environment.
The Logitech MX Master 4 Wireless Mouse features the MagSpeed scroll wheel, which allows for rapid navigation of up to 1,000 lines per second while maintaining pixel-level precision. For those working in quiet environments, the integrated Quiet Clicks technology reduces noise by 90% compared to standard models, providing a tactile, soft-touch experience that minimizes auditory distractions during long sessions.
Ergonomics remain a central focus, with a natural tilt design and a dedicated thumb scroll wheel intended to reduce hand strain. Productivity is further enhanced by the Actions Ring, a dynamic, app-specific overlay that places frequently used filters and shortcuts directly at your cursor. Connectivity is handled via a high-performance USB-C dongle or Bluetooth, with an optimized antenna design for increased reliability.
Sustainability and longevity are built into the construction, as the device incorporates recycled plastic and a battery containing 100% recycled cobalt. The chassis is engineered for improved stain resistance, ensuring the hardware maintains its finish over time. Users also receive a 1-month Adobe Creative Cloud subscription, providing immediate access to professional creative tools upon setup.
Best for: Professionals and creators who require precise tracking on diverse surfaces and deep software customization for complex workflows.
Skip if: Users who prefer a lightweight, ambidextrous design or those who do not require advanced haptic and productivity-focused features will find this model unnecessarily complex.
- 8K DPI sensor enables accurate tracking on nearly any surface type.
- MagSpeed scroll wheel offers high-speed navigation with pixel-perfect control.
- Quiet Clicks technology provides a 90% reduction in noise for focused environments.
- Customizable Actions Ring adapts to specific applications for streamlined tool access.
- Ergonomic right-handed design is not suitable for left-handed users.
- Advanced feature set may be excessive for basic office or casual computing tasks.
4 Logitech MX Anywhere 2S Renewed Mouse — High-performance glass surface tracking
Navigating across varied surfaces, including challenging materials like glass, is the primary capability of the Logitech MX Anywhere 2S Renewed Mouse. This device utilizes advanced tracking technology designed to maintain consistent precision regardless of the texture or material beneath it, making it a versatile tool for professionals who frequently transition between different workspaces.
The mouse features Wireless Bluetooth Connectivity, which removes the need for a USB receiver and keeps your ports free for other peripherals. Its Multi-Device Control allows you to pair and switch between up to three computers, whether they are Apple Mac or Windows systems, facilitating seamless workflow transitions with a simple button press.
Portability is central to its design, as the Compact Portable Form is shaped to fit comfortably in the hand while remaining small enough to slip into bags or pockets. The inclusion of a Rechargeable Battery Design eliminates the need for disposable batteries, providing a more convenient and environmentally conscious power solution for daily use.
While this model offers significant flexibility for mobile users, it is important to note that it is a compact, travel-oriented device. Users who prefer a larger, more ergonomic mouse for extended desktop sessions may find the smaller profile less supportive over long periods compared to full-sized alternatives.
Best for: Professionals who require a portable, multi-device mouse capable of tracking accurately on diverse surfaces including glass.
Skip if: Users who prefer a full-sized, ergonomic mouse for long-term desktop use may find the compact profile less comfortable.
- Universal Surface Tracking works on glass and various textures.
- Multi-Device Control allows switching between three computers.
- Wireless Bluetooth Connectivity eliminates the need for USB receivers.
- Rechargeable Battery Design reduces waste and improves convenience.
- Compact Portable Form may be too small for users seeking full-hand ergonomic support.
5 Digital Innovations AllTerrain Wired Mouse — Blue LED sensor for glass
Navigating a cursor on highly reflective surfaces like glass or polished wood often results in erratic movement with standard hardware. The Digital Innovations AllTerrain Wired Mouse addresses this common frustration by utilizing specialized TerrainTested Tracking Technology. By incorporating a blue LED sensor, this device maintains consistent, reliable input across challenging environments where traditional optical sensors frequently fail to register movement accurately.
Engineered for a balance of sensitivity and control, the device features a 1000 dpi sensor. This specification provides a stable, predictable response suitable for general productivity tasks, web browsing, and document management. The wired USB connection ensures a constant, plug-and-play experience, removing the need for battery replacements and eliminating the risk of wireless signal interference during critical work sessions.
The physical design prioritizes versatility through an ambidextrous shape, ensuring that the mouse remains comfortable for both left- and right-handed users. A textured scroll wheel is integrated to improve tactile feedback when navigating through lengthy documents or complex web pages. The build emphasizes a functional, straightforward aesthetic designed for long-term desktop use.
With a 3-year limited warranty, the hardware is positioned as a durable solution for diverse workspaces. While the wired connection limits physical mobility compared to wireless alternatives, it offers a trade-off in reliability by guaranteeing a steady power supply and connection. This mouse is specifically tailored for users who prioritize consistent tracking performance on difficult surfaces over the convenience of a cordless setup.
Best for: Users who require consistent cursor tracking on difficult surfaces like glass or reflective tabletops.
Skip if: Users who prioritize the mobility of a wireless connection or require high-DPI settings for precision gaming tasks.
- Blue LED sensor provides reliable tracking on glass and other difficult surfaces.
- Ambidextrous design ensures comfort for both left- and right-handed users.
- Plug-and-play USB connectivity removes the need for battery management.
- 3-year limited warranty offers long-term support for the hardware.
- Wired connection limits mobility compared to wireless alternatives.
- Fixed 1000 DPI may not satisfy users requiring high-precision or adjustable sensitivity.
6 eulps Non-Slip Rubber Mouse Pad — Stable base for any surface
The eulps Non-Slip Rubber Mouse Pad is engineered with a high-density rubber base designed to maintain stability across various desk surfaces, ensuring the pad remains stationary during precise cursor movements. This foundational design choice addresses the common frustration of shifting peripherals during intensive tasks.
Beyond its structural stability, the pad features reinforced stitched edges that serve to prevent fraying, contributing to a longer service life compared to unstitched alternatives. The surface is constructed from a washable Lycra cloth, which provides a smooth texture for tracking while allowing for straightforward maintenance if spills or debris occur.
Measuring 9 inches by 7.9 inches, this mousepad offers a compact footprint suitable for diverse workstations, from crowded office desks to portable laptop setups. The inclusion of multiple pattern designs allows for aesthetic customization, enabling users to select a visual style that integrates with their existing workspace environment.
This accessory is built for consistent performance, utilizing materials that balance durability with a smooth user experience. By combining a non-slip foundation with a resilient, easy-to-clean surface, it provides a practical solution for maintaining a tidy and functional computing area.
Best for: Users seeking a stable, compact, and easy-to-maintain mouse surface that stays firmly in place on various desk materials.
Skip if: Users who require a significantly larger surface area for low-sensitivity gaming or those who prefer a hard, non-cloth tracking surface.
- High-density non-slip rubber base ensures stability.
- Reinforced stitched edges prevent fraying and increase longevity.
- Washable Lycra cloth surface allows for easy cleaning.
- Compact dimensions fit well in diverse workspace setups.
- Fixed size of 9L x 7.9W inches may be too small for some users.
- Cloth surface may show wear differently than hard-top pads.
7 Corsair MM Anti-Fray Cloth Mouse Pad — Optimized for optical sensor accuracy
Achieving consistent tracking across varied desk surfaces requires a reliable foundation, and the CORSAIR MM Anti-Fray Cloth Gaming Mouse Pad is engineered specifically to provide that stability. Its micro-woven cloth surface is designed to optimize optical sensor accuracy, ensuring that mouse movements remain fluid and responsive regardless of the texture beneath the pad.
Measuring 930 x 300mm, this XL-sized mat offers an expansive workspace that accommodates both the mouse and keyboard, providing a uniform surface area for consistent performance. The natural rubber base serves a critical functional role by keeping the pad securely anchored to the desk, preventing unwanted shifting during use.
Durability is addressed through the inclusion of anti-fray stitched edges, which help maintain the structural integrity of the mat over time. This design choice ensures the edges remain intact even with frequent use, keeping the workspace tidy and functional.
While the large footprint is ideal for expansive setups, it is important to verify that your desk dimensions can accommodate the 36.6-inch length. This model provides a straightforward, performance-oriented surface for users who prioritize tracking consistency and a stable, non-slip base.
Best for: Users who require a large, stable, and consistent tracking surface for optical mice across expansive desk setups.
Skip if: Users with limited desk space who cannot accommodate a 36.6-inch wide surface.
- Micro-woven surface optimized for optical sensor precision.
- Non-slip natural rubber base ensures stability.
- Anti-fray stitched edges enhance long-term durability.
- XL dimensions provide ample room for mouse and keyboard.
- Large physical footprint may not fit smaller workstations.
8 Auhoahsil Large Extended Mouse Pad — Uniform tracking on imperfect surfaces
Achieving consistent tracking across varied desktop environments requires a stable foundation, and the Auhoahsil Large Extended Mouse Pad provides this through its dense, non-skid rubber base. Designed to remain uniformly flat even on imperfect surfaces, this mat eliminates the frustration of shifting during use.
Measuring 35.5 x 15.7 inches, this XXL desk pad offers significant coverage, accommodating a keyboard, laptop, and mouse simultaneously. The surface features a superior micro-weave cloth cover, which is specifically optimized for both optical and laser sensors to ensure smooth, silent gliding regardless of your mouse's DPI settings.
Durability is a core focus of the construction, evidenced by the anti-fray stitched edges that prevent peeling over time. The pad is crafted from odorless, non-toxic natural rubber, making it a safe addition to any workspace. Furthermore, the mat is fully washable, and the patterns are applied with durable inks to resist fading after repeated cleaning cycles.
Whether for professional office tasks or gaming, the Auhoahsil Large Extended Mouse Pad balances aesthetic appeal with functional stability. With multiple available illustrations, it serves as both a decorative element and a high-performance surface for precise cursor control.
Best for: Users who need a large, stable workspace surface that remains flat on uneven desks and supports all mouse sensor types.
Skip if: Users who have limited desk space and require a compact or portable mouse pad rather than an extended desk mat.
- Superior micro-weave cloth surface optimized for both optical and laser sensors.
- Non-slip rubber base ensures the pad stays flat and stationary on imperfect surfaces.
- Anti-fray stitched edges provide long-term durability and prevent peeling.
- Washable material with fade-resistant inks for easy maintenance.
- Large footprint may not fit on smaller desks or cluttered workspaces.
9 iDonzon Square Mouse Pad — Superfine fabric for smooth gliding
Achieving consistent mouse tracking across varied desk surfaces requires a reliable interface that balances friction and stability. The iDonzon Square Mouse Pad addresses this need by utilizing a superfine breathable Lycra fabric surface, engineered to provide a smooth, precise glide for both optical and laser sensors. Measuring 9.5×7.9 inches with a 3mm thickness, this mat offers a balanced footprint that fits comfortably on most workstations while providing enough space for fluid movement.
Beyond its surface texture, the mat features a natural rubber bottom with an anti-skid design. This construction ensures the pad remains firmly anchored to your desk, preventing the unpredictable shifts that can disrupt work or gaming sessions. The 3mm thickness also serves a secondary purpose, acting as a buffer to help muffle noise during intensive use.
Durability and maintenance are central to its design, as the pad is equipped with a waterproof coating. This feature effectively protects the mat from accidental spills, allowing users to restore the surface with a simple wipe from a damp cloth. To further extend its lifespan, the edges are reinforced to prevent fraying, ensuring the mat maintains its structural integrity over time.
Aesthetically, the iDonzon Square Mouse Pad incorporates handpicked patterns that resist fading and wrinkling. This focus on visual quality ensures the accessory remains a clean, professional addition to a desk setup while delivering the functional benefits of a high-friction-resistant, easy-to-clean surface.
Best for: Users seeking a compact, spill-resistant mouse pad that provides a consistent, smooth tracking surface for daily work or gaming.
Skip if: Users who require an extra-large desk mat to accommodate both a full-sized keyboard and mouse simultaneously.
- Superfine Lycra fabric ensures smooth and precise mouse tracking.
- Waterproof coating allows for easy cleaning and protection against spills.
- Natural rubber non-slip base keeps the mat securely in place.
- Reinforced edges improve long-term durability and prevent fraying.
- Fixed 9.5×7.9 inch dimensions may be too small for users who prefer wide-area mouse movement.
10 Ukecye Custom Mouse Pad — High-traction base prevents shifting
A stable workspace begins with a reliable foundation, and the Ukecye Custom Mouse Pad addresses this with a 3mm thick rubber base designed to provide a cushioned, consistent surface. Whether you are navigating a desktop or a gaming setup, this mat is engineered to stay firmly in place, ensuring that your peripheral remains stable during intensive tasks.
The surface is constructed from 100% polyester fabric, which offers a smooth texture suitable for various mouse types. Measuring 7.9 x 9.5 inches, the pad provides ample room for standard navigation while maintaining a compact footprint that fits easily into most study or office environments.
Durability is a key focus, highlighted by the precision-stitched edges that help prevent deformation over time. This construction choice ensures the mat maintains its shape even with frequent use, while the high-traction rubber backing prevents the pad from shifting or sliding across your desk surface.
Maintenance is straightforward, as the material is designed for easy care through hand or machine washing. This versatility makes it a practical choice for users who need a low-maintenance desk accessory that supports both work and leisure activities.
Best for: Users seeking a stable, non-slip surface for daily office or gaming tasks who prefer a customizable or minimalist aesthetic.
Skip if: Users requiring an extra-large desk mat that covers both keyboard and mouse areas, as this model is limited to a 7.9 x 9.5-inch footprint.
- High-traction rubber backing ensures the pad stays firmly in place.
- Precision-stitched edges prevent fraying and deformation.
- Thickened 3mm design provides a comfortable, cushioned feel.
- Easy to maintain with machine or hand washing capabilities.
- Compact dimensions may be too small for users who prefer wide-area tracking.
Best Mouse for Multiple Surfaces Buying Guide
Understanding Surface Tracking Technology
Most standard computer mice rely on basic optical sensors that require a uniform, matte surface to function correctly. When used on glass or highly reflective materials, these sensors often fail to register movement, leading to erratic cursor behavior.
Advanced mice designed for multiple surfaces utilize specialized sensors, such as Darkfield or high-performance optical arrays, which detect microscopic irregularities on smooth surfaces. This technology allows for precise navigation on materials that would otherwise render a standard mouse unusable.
Connectivity and Multi-Device Workflow
Modern workflows often involve switching between multiple computers, tablets, or laptops throughout the day. A mouse that supports multi-device pairing via Bluetooth or a dedicated receiver significantly streamlines this process.
Look for devices that offer dedicated buttons or software-based switching to move your cursor between different operating systems instantly. This feature is particularly valuable for professionals who manage separate workstations or mobile devices simultaneously.
Ergonomics and Physical Design
The physical shape and size of a mouse directly impact comfort during extended work sessions. Compact models are ideal for travel and mobile setups, while larger, contoured designs often provide better wrist support for stationary desktop use.
Consider the button layout and scroll wheel functionality as well. Features like haptic feedback or high-speed scrolling can enhance productivity, but they must be balanced against the overall weight and grip of the device to prevent hand fatigue.
Battery Life and Power Management
Reliability is paramount for a daily-use peripheral, and battery performance is a critical factor. Rechargeable internal batteries are increasingly common, offering the convenience of USB-C charging without the need for disposable replacements.
When choosing a wireless mouse, evaluate the expected battery life and whether the device remains functional while charging. A mouse that supports wired operation while the battery replenishes ensures you are never left without control during a critical task.
The Role of Mouse Pads
While some mice are engineered to work on any surface, a high-quality mouse pad can still provide a more consistent glide and protect your desk surface from wear. Choosing the right material, such as micro-woven cloth or rubber, can improve tracking accuracy.
If you frequently work in environments with inconsistent desk textures, a portable, non-slip mouse pad acts as a reliable foundation. This simple accessory ensures that even a high-performance mouse maintains its optimal tracking speed and precision.
Frequently Asked Questions
Do I need a special mouse pad if my mouse tracks on glass?
No, if your mouse is specifically rated for glass tracking, it will function directly on the surface. However, a mouse pad can still provide a smoother glide and protect your desk from scratches.
Can I use a multi-device mouse with both Mac and Windows?
Yes, most modern multi-device mice are compatible with both macOS and Windows. Many models allow you to toggle between these operating systems using a button on the bottom or side of the device.
What is the difference between optical and laser sensors for surface tracking?
Optical sensors generally perform well on most surfaces but may struggle on glass. Laser sensors or specialized high-performance optical sensors are better equipped to track on transparent or highly reflective materials.
How do I know if my mouse is running low on battery?
Most wireless mice include an LED indicator that changes color or blinks when the battery is low. Some models also provide notifications through their companion software on your computer.
Is a wired mouse better for surface tracking than wireless?
Tracking performance is determined by the sensor, not the connection type. Wireless technology has advanced to the point where there is no significant difference in tracking accuracy compared to wired alternatives.
Conclusion: Our Top Pick
Our top pick is Logitech MX Anywhere 2S Wireless Mouse. Choosing the right mouse for diverse surfaces depends on your specific workspace needs and portability requirements. By prioritizing advanced sensor technology and multi-device connectivity, you can ensure smooth and reliable navigation regardless of your environment.
Whether you opt for a compact travel-friendly model or an ergonomic desktop solution, selecting a device designed for surface versatility will significantly improve your daily workflow efficiency.